Reading response paper 2 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Perusing reaction paper 2 - Assignment Example It never made a difference if a bit of work was decorative or authentic, yet the essentialness was the nature of aliveness. The quality that shows up from imaginative worth doesn't really rely upon topic or theme. The primary endeavor to think of reasonable scenes in a pictorial structure is found during the time of warring states (The Great Painters of China 3). The scenes are found in diminish and intaglio on bronze, which speak to the figures of warriors, trackers, pontoons men, and performers. Figure 6 is a mud title from Szechwam that shows less overwhelming items. These articles are an away from of birds’ trackers at the lake at the upper side while the lower side is a portrayal of individuals reaping in the field. The lake is represented by blooming lotus and enormous fish as opposed to being spoken to. Then again, the sky is brimming with wild ducks in flight and there is no appearance of an inaccessible shoreline (The Great Painters of China 5). The reapers are seen remaining on an inclined position and this is clear through straightforward gadget diminishing lines of the plants on them. Moreover, while the majority of the figures are seen on a nonexistent ground close to the lower edge, one of the men is seen at the more profound space. Initially, it is apparent that painting was focused on decorative plan. Nonetheless, during the early pieces of Han line, there was a change by portrayal of reality in pictorial structure from different sources. The most significant thing was making expressive discussion. The scene appeared in figure 13 speaks to the narrative of a grandson Yuan Ku who in a time of starvation spared his granddad from biting the dust in the wild. Likewise, he spared his dad from the blame of parricide. At the left half of the image, the granddad is seen hunching down deserted under a cedar tree by the stream. Yuan Ku picks an unfilled cot to proceed to bring his granddad, however his dad shouts at him saying that the

Paraphrase Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 6

Rework - Essay Example The photoelectric smoke alarms have unique highlights that permit them to be productive. This incorporates utilization of a LED focal point and a photodiode that is explicitly positioned to go about as a light finder. In the event of a fire, when the particles of smoke rise and enter the photoelectric chamber, the smoke particles contort the light bar and this triggers the caution. This procedure appears to be mechanically upgraded and successful. The system of ionization smoke alarms is anyway unique in relation to that of photoelectric finders. It uses radioactive components, for example, americium-241 which can produce radiations through the ionization chambers. The ionization chamber has two terminals through which the radiations pass causing consistent age of current. The photoelectric smoke alarms are increasingly best since they are trustworthy and less inclined to trigger bogus cautions. Truth be told, the usage of radioactive parts by the ionization smoke alarms can be damaging to people who approach it since it continually discharges radiations. Conversely, the photoelectric identifier cautions are not radioactive and snappy particle showing any indications of smoke, particularly in open fire fires. There are two boss necessities for identifier arrangement in private inhabitances. One remembers advising the occupants for fire avoidance, support and departure plans. Besides, is to guarantee full documentation of the i ntroduced smoke alarm. At long last, hardly any contemplations are vital during the situation of smoke alarms. To start with, the smoke alarm ought not be introduced in territories, for example, chimneys. It ought to be introduced close to the cooking zones in the kitchen since it will be inclined to show bogus alerts. The non-protected upper room and outside dividers are likewise not smart thoughts. It tends to be dubious since the smoke could radiate remotely and start bogus cautions when put close to windows and

Engagement Party

Engagement Party My dear former floormate Shannon 05 (whos still at MIT pursuing her Masters in Course 16: Aero/Astro) held an engagement party last Saturday at MIT, and at first I was going to spend the weekend in NYC, but then I noticed a funny question on the invitation and was so intrigued that I knew I had to attend. I put down Jane Austen for my favorite historical character, and Sam put Benjamin Franklin (he cites Pennsylvania pride) other people were not so conventional. So how did these historical figures figure (haha!) into the party? Well, the nametags we wore on the front of our shirts displayed our real names, but the nametags Shannon 05 stuck onto our backs displayed the name of someone elses historical figure. Not only did we have to figure out who the person was, but also who had submitted the name. Add to that the fact that some of the people who submitted names didnt attend the party, and you had some intense problem-solving going on. Take that, Mystery Hunt. From the front, Richard 06 is Richard. From the back, however, Richard 06 is Richard Feynman. (Very smooth, Shannon 05.) To help diffuse the very high level of stress in the room, the happy couple hired salsa instructors from the MIT Salsa Club to teach us how to dance. After we learned some (not so) basic steps in lines, we got into a circle and rotated partners counter-clockwise. Sort of like going from Cartesian to polar coordinates. (Ah, MIT, Ive missed you.) Here I (James Cook, explorer) am with partner #4. And heres partner #6. Notice how much more into the salsa dancing he is, compared to me. It looks like Im holding his hands, but basically, Im just hanging on for dear life. In this picture: #1 = William Shakespeare (Sam) #2 = Abraham Lincoln (Salsa teacher) I regularly need to look at the instructors and make sure Im doing the (basic?) moves correctly. Better than looking at my feet, right? William Shakespeare, Amelia Earhart, and I take a water break after all of that dancing. Here, some former and current floormates of the best floor ever pose with Shannon 05, whose hair, as evidenced by Sams pose, must smell REALLY good. The one historical character Shannon couldnt assign was the one she herself had to guess, so her fiance decided to give her OPTIMUS PRIME. Dont feel bad if you have no idea who this is I didnt, and Shannon certainly didnt. Apparently hes the leader of the Transformers. James Cook doesnt sound so hard to guess anymore.

Sample of Book Review

Sample of Book Review Book: The Little Prince Author: Antoine de Saint-Exupà ©ry All grown-ups were once children – although few of them remember it. â€Å"The Little Prince† was written by Antoine de Saint-Exupà ©ry in 1943. This novel is a magical story that reveals the essence of life, love and loneliness. Due to the simplicity of the prose style, breezy and funny illustrations, vividness of imagination this simple yet insightful story is considered to be one of the greatest literary works of all times. The narrator of the story is an aviator, who landed in the Sahara Desert in order to repair his plane. He accidently meets the Little Prince, who has been travelling from planet to planet. The small blond boy reveals the thing he has learned throughout his journey. One of the most significant ideas he has acknowledged lies in the secret a fox had told him: But you must not forget it.  You become responsible, forever, for what you have tamed.  You are responsible for your rose. . . This book is a tale of a young prince who has left his tiny planet and wanted to find the answers for questions that disturbed him and at the same time it discloses the story of a man who has gained knowledge of life nature from a pure child whose voyages and virtuousness have inspired him and brought wisdom. The whole book is permeated with love, fulfillment of expectations and maintenance of those relationships. Saint-Exupery’s satiric touch accurately emphasizes that grown-ups sometimes lack imagination. I believe that â€Å"The Little Prince† can be perceived differently: for

Project Management Body Of Knowledge - 1397 Words

Introduction The abbreviation PMBOK denotes to the Project Management Body of Knowledge. The PMBOK is a developing frame of information for the arena of project management. PMBOK is positioned on the Project Manager and the PMP Exam is an effort to measure the knowledge of a Project Manager. Which differs from a methodology. Nevertheless, the significance of PMBOK to the occupation of Project Management cannot be simple, as the knowledge enclosed within it can be leveraged by any formal methodology. Therefore, it should be seen as complimentary to any project management method. Waterfall, and Agile are project management methodologies, each with dissimilar themes, philosophies, and procedures. A project management approach is a†¦show more content†¦This means that as each of the individual eight stages (conception, initiation, analysis, design, construction, testing, implementation, and maintenance) are accomplished, the designers move on to the next step. Being that this is sequential p rocesses, when a step has ended, creators cannot go back to an earlier step, that is, not short of scrapping the entire project and starting from the beginning. There’s no room for modification or inaccuracy, so a project outcome and a wide-ranging plan must be fixed in the creation and then followed cautiously. The waterfall methodology stresses thorough record keeping. Having such records will provide the project managers the capability to improve upon the existing program in the future. The client knows what to expect when the waterfall methodology is used. . They’ll have knowledge of the scope, price, and timeline for the project. They will also have a definite indication of what their program will do in the end Explain agile methodologies and identify their relationship to the PMBOK ® process groups. Agile product management happens when all facets of the progress, including requirements, design and prototypes, are continually scrutinized on a cyclical and incremental basis. Observing the projects on an incremental basis allows the project to be adjusted, and the capability to move in another direction to accommodate shifting situations. This is in contrast to a more customary

TWC and Miramax Free Essays

ETC creates and distributes entertainment throughout the world. Miramar Is part of the conglomerate, Colony Capital and Qatar Holding, which creates movies, among other products. By virtue of a contract, ETC has exclusive rights to distribute Miramar movies in the U. We will write a custom essay sample on TWC and Miramax or any similar topic only for you Order Now S. , the largest market (in terms of revenue). ETC uses its monopoly power to pay a lower price for Miramar movies than do other distributors. Is this sufficient justification for Colony Capital and Qatar Holding to buy out ETC? Expiate. (1 point) This is not sufficient justification. It certainly is an avenue to consider, however, the only way to truly Justify purchasing ETC is to weigh the other option available which is to start their own distribution company. If the cost of starting their own distribution company teamed with a higher cost to distribute the movies brings In a higher revenue than the cost of purchasing ETC teamed with distributing the movies at a lower cost than It would be better to start their own distribution company and vice versa. . In each of the following situations, why are firms likely to benefit from vertical integration? (1 point each) a. A grain elevator is located at the terminus off rail line. Owning grain elevator(s) is beneficial to the rail line because it allows the rail line more control over the grain elevator which in turn allows for more efficient planning and stream lined logistics as oppose to attempting to plan along with a separate company. B. A manufacturer of a product with a national brand-name reputation uses distributors that arrange for advertising and promotional activities In local markets. Vertical integration in this respect can allow the company to gain valuable insight onto the markets and in learning what they want through advertising and promoting can turn around and update their product or create new products to meet the various market needs. C. A biotech firm develops a new product that will be produced, tested, and distributed by an established pharmaceutical company. The vertical Integration of a biotech firm owning a pharmaceutical company Is similar to the grain elevator and rail line In that communication, planning and logistics becomes easier and possibly more cost effective by owning the established pharmaceutical company. ND delivering each episode of the 1st season of the new series based on â€Å"Shakespeare in Love. † Suppose further that the contract included certain script requirements for background music decided upon by Miramar, and ETC spent an additional $20,000 per episode to meet those requirements. Then suppose that after pre-screening 3 episodes, Miramar claimed that Tic’s efforts failed to live up to their contractual agreements. (2 points each: 1 for explaining the concept, and 1 for applying it correctly) a. Was either party earning rent? What assumptions do you have to make to assert this? ETC would be earning the rent. Their rent would be the profit ($20 million less the cost of producing the episodes, including the additional cost per episode to meet the musical requirement. ) b. Was either party earning quasi-rent? What assumptions do you have to make to assert this? ETC would be earning quasi-rent assuming that they are able to see the episodes to another company or if they are able to come to an agreement with Miramar at a lower price than the original $20 million that they originally agreed upon. Their quasi-rent would be the difference between their rent (question a) and their new mount of revenue. C. Could ETC have held up Miramar? And/or could Miramar have held up ETC? Explain. ETC could definitely hold up Miramar by turning around and refusing to provide them with the episodes at the agreed upon price. This leaves Miramar to consider the costs and time involved with getting another affiliate to complete the Job or paying ETC the requested amount. Miramar can likewise hold up ETC through refusing to pay the agreed upon price. This leads ETC to choosing between providing the episodes at a lower price or seeking another buyer who may not pay as much as they hoped. How to cite TWC and Miramax, Papers

Women Rights Violation

Introduction Modern societies have undergone complete metamorphosis and adopted new ways of doing things. Modernization has become a common occurrence in almost all aspects of our daily lives and this has improved our living standards.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Women Rights Violation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, an improvement in technology does not reflect human developments if what happens to some members in the society is anything to consider. For a long time, women have suffered various challenges and become victims of circumstances without anyone raising an alarm about this. This essay explores the violation of women rights and possible causes in our modern societies. Definition Human rights refer to the privileges that a person enjoys as a human being. These rights include the permission to access quality healthcare, security, food, shelter, education and public amenities (Wollstonecraft 7). In addition, it also includes the freedom to move and express opinions regarding various happenings. Causes of Women Rights Abuse Most women have been abused in modern societies due to illiteracy and lack of exposure to their rights. Women constitute the greatest percentage of the illiterate population due to societal perceptions. This exposes them to various forms of discriminations that lead to their oppression (Rich 7). In addition, the lack of proper guidance from governments is also to blame for women oppression. Most developing nations are struggling to adopt democratic policies and forget that women deserve the right to be heard and considered as members of the society. Moreover, poverty has continued to propagate women suffering due to the lack of sufficient funds to cater for domestic needs. Most women are forced to look for food for their families and this makes them vulnerable to oppression. It is imperative to state that the modern woman has become so occupied with t he desire to earn a living without relying on men. However, she is not able to find job so easily unless she bows down to some form of pressure from a man’s side (Rich 12). Consequently, women seek favors by submitting their bodies to men in exchange for these aspects. As a result, they end up being victims of rape and other forms of sexual abuse.Advertising Looking for essay on gender studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Moreover, drug abuse has become a common problem in many homes and this makes women the most susceptible victims to the effects associated with this vice. In most occasions, men have violated women either verbally or physically when they are under the influence of drugs. The number of cases of rape and other forms of sexual abuse among women have increased due to drug abuse especially in the informal settlement areas. In addition, some traditions are extremely retrogressive and still consider women as domestic servants. The fact that there are free primary and secondary school education and many scholarships to study further education has not helped women to attend schools. Their communities still treat them as servants and have not given them opportunities to utilize their talents (Wollstonecraft 13). In addition, most women are comfortable with their positions and therefore they are not ready to challenge their men in higher positions. Lastly, affirmative actions have not gone well with most men since they view this as defiance. On the other hand, women have embraced these actions without consideration how to approach men in dealing with the anticipated challenges. As a result, men have felt like they are being challenged and have countered this with violence and other forms of abuse. Conclusion Most women will continue to be abused if necessary steps are not taken to address these issues. It is imperative to ensure that both men and women are involved in women empowerment and emancipation to ensure that society embraces change and respect for human rights. Works Cited Rich, Jennifer. Modern Feminist Theory: An Introduction. New York: Wiley, 2010. Print. Wollstonecraft, Mary. Vindication of the Rights of Woman. Connecticut: Cengage Learning, 2011. Print. This essay on Women Rights Violation was written and submitted by user Garrett Bean to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

League of Legends an online multiplayer 5v5 team b Essays

League of Legends an online multiplayer 5v5 team b Essays League of Legends an online multiplayer 5v5 team based game. Insane amount of strategy and teamwork is needed to be successful. Pro teams have this plus more, however how there team is made up is important. The process of building a league of legends team has many factors and many steps to take to make it successful and useful to actually go far in the league. There are a few simple ways to build a League of Legends team. Building a team is all about synergy and getting a group of people who like working together, can communicate with one another, and can play well together. The entire idea behind a League of Legends team is the idea that you can do your job and be able to rely on your teammates to do the same. "You can not assume that a team can be made up of from five solo queue players who do well on their own." (Flores 1) Firstly finding members for a team can be very difficult at times. Players are hard to successfully determine as potential team players and you can only certain of this player if you first allow them to play games with you and the team. Elo a person's win loss ratio and how they are climbing the ladder are important. The ladder is a set of tiers each season other players compete to achieve a higher rank. For example A gold 3 player is better than a silver 2 player. Each tier the skill level climbs and makes the ladder even tougher. So you want your team mate to have a high elo. After filling your roster it's time for to determine whom the team leader is going to be. The team leader is the most important part of a team. He is the one who will make the calls to go for objectives. If you can't maintain control of your team it is very difficult to get things done. As a leader you need to make sure your team respects you enough to listen to your calls when they are made even if the call being made is good or not. If they don't respect you they won't listen to you, which brings up the point that you have to earn respect through your actions and should not assume that they will listen to you automatically. After you have built your team you need to practice to develop a team bond and to know each others play styles. "Practices should consist of strict time management. Get what needs to be done, done. There are many things you can do in practices to help better the team inevitably" (Soren Bjerg) Some of the things you can do to help you practice is: Analyze repl ays of livestream footage from last practice. Live streaming helps a lot because you can see what went wrong last game and fix it for the next game. Your teammates need to be forced to play characters they have never played. Work on staying together and communicating on objectives, talking and being able to communicate well is essential for a successful team. Preparing for tournaments is a big deal. By knowing the other teams like playing, you can begin to prepare by banning those champions during your ranked games to get used to the other champions that may be played. Once your team has practiced a lot and you feel ready to enter the league you need to get sponsors. Sponsors help pay for expenses that a beginning team will not be able to cover. Such as covering plane cost, food, hotels/homes and new equipment. Sponsors are a big part of any team, they are investing in you to do good and to have their name put out there. Finally you have the money to enter the league. Now it's time for do or die. The competition is rough you begin by starting a split playing 2 games a week with 12 other teams. Each split is 12 weeks long and the top 6 teams will compete in the tournament to when that specific split. Splits are separated into Spring, Summer, Fall and then a big tournament which is

Making Six-Figures as an Indie Author

Making Six-Figures as an Indie Author It may seem like a pipe dream, but indie authors can make serious cash. I know quite a few who bring in six-figures, and After much research and observation, I’ve come up with seven key things needed to bring in the big bucks. 1.  Ã‚     Treat writing like a job. If you want the money, you have to put in the time. All of the authors I know making six-figures have many books in their backlist. Most have thirty books or more. To get there, you need to be writing every day. Make a daily word count goal and make yourself accountable to it. It might seem impossible to publish as much as they have, but don’t cut yourself short. Writing is a skill. The more you do it, the faster and better you’ll get at it. 2.  Ã‚     Stay positive. It’s going to take a lot of motivation to publish thirty books. Just remember, with every book you publish, you’re adding to your monthly paycheck. Don’t expect to get rich on one book. Take a more measured strategy and go for the long tail. There are many authors getting large checks each month who haven’t hit the NYT’s bestseller list with a book. Keep a steady goal in mind and push yourself to get there. 3.  Ã‚     Research the market. It won’t do you any good to publish thirty books if no one is buying them. Go to Amazon and look at the indie books making bank in your genre. What do they have in common? Buy at least ten and read them. List similarities and tropes that are pulling the readers in. Find common themes. Then find a way to weave similar things into your own books, in your own world. This is called writing to market. Don’t treat it like it’s a dirty thing. It’s another tool in your writing toolbox. Buy books on how to write to market as an indie author and use that tool. It doesn’t mean you can’t ever write a book just for the love of writing. You can do both. 4.  Ã‚     Hone your craft. Don’t ever think you’re done learning how to write. Go to conferences and take classes and workshops. Work with a critique group. Read all the top books on writing in your genre. Even if you’ve read it all, keep going. You might just find something new click into place. 5.  Ã‚     Make yourself look professional. Hire a cover designer and an editor. The last thing you want to do is put your book in a poorly designed package. If you’re not a graphic designer, hire one. Pay an editor. Don’t skimp out on these things or your pocketbook will suffer. 6.  Ã‚     Hang out with other successful authors. No need to re-invent the wheel. Surround yourself with indie authors who have all these things figured out and listen to them. Join an author Facebook group and read the posts. Authors are a sharing bunch. They’ll tell you what ads are working and what to avoid. They talk about what books to read or what YouTube videos to watch. If you’re not doing this, you’re going to get left in the dust. (I recommend 20Booksto50K.) 7.  Ã‚     Don’t be afraid to give your work away. I admit I owe much of my success to giving out ARC’s and making my books free on Amazon. It’s a marketing strategy. Watch the lucrative authors and see how they do it successfully. There’s no guarantee your books will sell well. However, looking at what high-dollar indie authors do and following in their footsteps will give you a better chance to succeed. It’s not an impossible dream. Set those goals and go write.

Introdyction to psycological theories and issues Essay

Introdyction to psycological theories and issues - Essay Example According to this theory, the individual inherits all his behaviours due to the complex interaction of genes. Most of his characters and behaviours remain constant throughout his life, as outside environments do not affect his individuality in any way. His individuality is predetermined. From this standpoint, types and characteristics measured with personality are constant and even if we sharpen our wits, types and temperaments to some extent successfully, we can never change them. We do as our genes dictate. As Darwin’s theory was applied to this psychological theory, it also implies that our personality connects with the secondary theory of natural selection for survival of the fittest. Distinct personality and individual differences differentiate a person from the commonalities. One of the main personality theories, Nurture theory, connects with the Operant Conditioning of Thorndyke who talks about conditioning of man, dog or any other animal through conditioning or nurture. Every situation that is connected with the nurturing of a child till it grows up and even later as an adult produces a positive or negative reinforcement of the behaviour in the individual. Nurture theory says that every behaviour depends upon the atmosphere, circumstances, education, bringing up of a child, teachers, friends, well-wishers, neighbours, community, society, and the results of a person’s behaviour are all responsible for his personality. It argues that nature or genetics, or heredity have nothing to do with the personality of the individual. Here life becomes a saga of actions and reactions. Skinner applied this theory on the experiments like training an animal, through rewarding or punishing and assessing how the animal gets used to a certain behaviour, showing absolutely no signs of his hereditary behaviour, but adapting himself to an entirely new behaviour, a result of the present nurture. There is no doubt that nurture through education, training and

Contrast and Compare Leonardo da Vinci's Last Supper with Gioto de Essay

Contrast and Compare Leonardo da Vinci's Last Supper with Gioto de Bondones The Mourning of Christ - Essay Example They presented the men and women in the solemn garb of the Roma forum. Both artists believe that God, His Divine Son, the Blessed Virgin and all the saints are men and women of the noblest physical and moral type. The Florence of Giotto's time was a little city with 100,000 inhabitants. The Florentine artist of his time is also a poet, a thinker, a sculptor and an architect aside from being a painter. The painters joined the guild of druggists who were their color makers. When a patron wanted a painting, he went to the painter's shop and ordered it, specifying the subject and the treatment that he wanted. A wealthy Florentine would naturally want to invest in a fresco. In comparison, the Florence of Leonardo's time was also very prosperous. Florence began the fifteenth century free from foreign domination and relieved from the dangers of Milan after the end of the war of 1402. The Platonic Academy was formed after the Council of Ferrara-Florence in 1439. The Medici family of merchants and bankers rises to power in Florence in the 15th century. Although no member of the family holds an official title until the sixteenth century, the Medicis' enormous wealth and influence grant them virtual rule of Florence. The family dominated the political, commercial, and cultural life of the city. It is under their patronage that Florence becomes a center of humanist learning and the seat of a tremendous flourishing of the arts. Although both artists engaged in fresco painting, their styles are very distinct from one another. For instance, with regard to its subject the theme, the "Last Supper" may be divided into two distinct movements: the institution of the Sacrament and the "Unus vestrum". Leonardo has chosen the moment at which Christ declares that there is a traitor in the company. He chose to highlight the effect of a speech on twelve persons on twelve different temperaments: a single ray and twelve reflections. The subject has been well analyzed by Goethe. It is clear that in a"seated" drama of which the subject is interior disquiet, surprise, anguish, it suffices to show the persons at half length; busts, face, and hands suffice to manifest the moral emotion; the table with its damask cloth by almost completely concealing the lower limbs offered the ingenious artist a resource which he knew how to use. Leonardo divided his actors into two groups, two on each side of Christ, and he linked these grou ps in order to project a certain continuity, animated by a single movement. The whole painting is like the successive undulations of a vast wave of emotions. The fatal word uttered by Christ who is seated at the middle of the table produces a tumult which symmetrically repels and agitates the two nearest groups and which lapses as it is communicated to the two groups farther removed. The intimate composition of each group is wonderful. The emotions of stupefaction, sorrow, indignation, denial, vengeance and the variety of expression which the painter has gathered together in this picture shows the depth of the analysis, the veracity of the types and physiognomies, the power and the accumulation of contrasts. Each head is the "monograph" of a human passion, a plate of moral anatomy. Giotto's method is completely different.

Main purpose of job design

Main purpose of job design The main purpose of job design is for quality, speed, dependability, flexibility, cost, health and safety. This is the way to achieve greatness in conducting their working style and working techniques. Globalization is claimed that it will help in increasing the economic prosperity and opportunity in the developing the world. Globalization will help the company to gain more profit and a lot of advantages. Not only profit and advantages can be gain, globalization will also have its own disadvantages. Strategy formulations include the materials in making the product, where is the product being manufacture and who is producing the product. This is the strategy to improve the needs and quality for the customer. Borrowing technology from apparel manufacturers is also one of the company strategies. Process of manufacturing the product will also help in maintaining the quality; follow the newest technologies and trend. This will help in saving the cost and fulfil the customer needs. Shoe manufacturing processes and the key factors in the design of products and services for shoes are covered in this assignment. Shoe manufacturing sequence and the system of the manufacturing process will be discussed in detailed. The key factor of designs of shoes product which includes the shoe insole and sole portion and various type of service provided in shoe manufacturing including the after sales services are presented in this assignment. Besides, discussion and elaborating of quality planning and quality control processes in achieving high performance products and services for company. There are some different quality planning for the production and the quality control for New Balance such as applying some ISO quality standard as a prove for the company. ISO 9000 is the series of quality standard which reflecting the importance of quality and reliability. Quality and costing is related to each other, have a good quality product only can make the company financially strong but it also cannot be archived without the help from high technology apparel. The time was a profit for the company; we need high technology machineries to increase the amount of products with greater and stable quality. Last section of this assignment, describe about the profit that the company earned throughout the years since it was taken over by the current chairman, Mr. James S Davis, based on the industrial analysis did by a company called DATAMONITOR and the Factsheet announced by the company itself at financial year 2010. Then we have a topic about the result to the company after the company ventured to new market in Asia, and some about the payback from the investment on technological machineries that the company had spent on. Introduction What is a job design? Job design is the principles and techniques to the humanization of work, improve satisfaction, improve quality and reduce employee problems. It is a process to achieve satisfaction and trust from consumer. What is globalization? Globalization is mean of interaction and integration among the people, companies, and governments of different nations. It is also a process driven by international trade and investment and aided by information technology. This process has effects on the environment, on culture, on political systems, on economic development and prosperity, and on human physical well-being in societies around the world. What is strategy formulation? Strategy formulation is a way of a company plan on its business strategy. Strategy formulation is vital to the well-being of a company or organization. This strategy has effects on the company which will bring benefits. What is the process to meet the customer needs and quality? It is mean by how the shoes are being produced. This process of making the shoes will help to follow the modern trend of making the product and save cost. Furthermore, we have mention clearly about example of quality control of New Balance such as the step of the quality check from raw material until final product. The definition of Total Quality Control (TQC) or Total Quality Management (TQM) was stated clearly here. The machines purchase from New Balance to increase their efficiency and control quality of their shoes. This helps New Balance develop better designs, improve quality, and innovate their process capabilities. To produce a good quality and precision part in a huge number and reduce worker was an aim of all manufacturing field company, but by using handmade work is hard to do so. The only way can do is through high tech machine, by this way not only can come out a quality less reject part, on the other hand together reduce worker and make company earn in good selling and save a lot in labour cost. This will make the company finance to be strong and the enemy of manufacturing field factory was the part that been produce reject and return from their customer, this will make the company lost a lot in the costing. Let us see what technology can help in manufacturing. New Balance Athletic Shoe, Inc. which is a privately held company that founded and based in Massachusetts in USA performance in finance. The company was first setup in 1906 as the manufacturer of arch supports and orthopedic shoes. Now the company is famous as the manufactures for running, hiking, tennis, basketball, cross training shoes, and variety of athletic apparel. The company is being well known as the only shoe manufacturer still based in USA that offering its products in a wide range of width size with high quality of craftsmanship, which generate billion of sales annually. According to the latest factsheet dated 2010, the company is making massive earnings after the business owner taking over and decided to be more focus. The owner also invested lot of money to upgrade the manufacturing plant with newer technology machinery. Until now, the latest record show that there was a total of $2.32 billion USD sales made in the financial year 2009, whereby $1.07 billion USD of annua l sales in USA, $1.65 billion of annual sales worldwide. Discuss the job design and method of work organisation employed by New Balance Corporation for both local and global market to remain competitive. Critically derive the advantages and disadvantages of going global. Job design purpose and objective is for quality, speed, dependability, flexibility, cost, health and safety. Job design is also mean by application of working principles and techniques humanization of work. This is the way of conducting their working style and working techniques. The aim of job design is to make sure and improved the job satisfaction of the company. Improved quality of product is an objective of design. New Balance Corporation is a company that stress on quality. New Balance is an athletic shoes company that mainly focus on performance rather than the outlook and style. The aim of job design is also to raise the productivity levels, challenge and responsibility of ones work. Example is the New Balance shoes come in a wide range of widths and sizes. The quality can be achieve because New Balance Company have their philosophy which is listen, learn and refine. Another method that New Balance Company uses is well-trained workers. The well train workers are train to perform different jobs and tasks. New Balance Company is creative by adapting to new technologies to shoemaking. The company also constantly give training to their employee in teamwork and technical skills so they can work by sharing and helping each other on the task to make sure everything done on time. Dependability is a job design method that New Balance Company stresses on. New Balance Corporation is a company that design and manufacture their product in the United States. Example of dependability is buyer or consumer will look into where the product is manufacture because consumer depend and trust product that are import from countries such as United States, Germany, Japan and others. Reduce employee problem is also one of the main purpose of job design. Job design is an aimed to reduce or overcoming job dissatisfaction and employee bad behaviour arising. Dissatisfaction and employee bad behaviour arising will cause the employee to make mistake. Once the employee make mistake then accident will happen and that will cause health and safety. Running shoes of new balance company is made United States. This is the culture where it produces close to the customers and also allows quick turnarounds on new design and order fulfilment. This is the flexibility of the company to fulfil the desire of customer to purchase the product. One of the method that New Balance Corporation is they refuse to hire superstars to endorse its product and this will also help to cut a lot of cost. Borrowing technology from apparel manufacturers is also one of the company methods. This will help the company to save money and also following the modern trend. Globalisation is claimed that globalization increases the economic prosperity and opportunity in the developing world. There are advantages of globalisation and also disadvantages on going global. Advantages of globalisation Staying in one country is not a good method to remain competitive, so the New Balance Corporation chooses to launch a strategy to distribute all over the globe. To gain more profit is a company aims. Profit can be gain by expand their products to all over the globe. Expand the products to worldwide will be a global marketing advantage. From the global business, New Balance Company can be advertised on the internet and customers can easily view and purchase wherever and whenever they want. Advertising in the internet is a good advantage for the global business. Increased sales are for sure under the advertising in the internet. Under the global marketing, higher profits can be earn and achieve. New knowledge and experience is also an advantage under the internet global marketing. Another advantages going global is jobs been created. Once the company invested in another country, the job opportunity created. Once there are jobs for people, the economy will run smoothly. Wealth can be ob tained under the global marketing and productivity can growth wider. Wealth can be obtained means that human is going to gain money and an easier lifestyle. When going global, business will not only depend on the existing market but it will also have wide scale market. This means that new markets and producing dynamic sales can be obtain easily. The brand can consistency maintains their brand image. When the consistency in brand image is achieved, the brand will became famous and popular. This will also bring to higher sales and profit. Besides that, good ideas will be gain under going global. Good ideas can be gain from any individual in the globe and that can lead to a better design. This will help to identify what consumer needs and wants for their product. Going global will also establish good relationship between countries. After establish good relationship between countries, free trade between countries also increases. Furthermore, the flexibility of corporations to operate ac ross borders increases. This will ensure the company to run their business smoothly and without difficulties. Disadvantages of globalisation Global marketing also have its disadvantages which is the difference of consumer response can be unpredictable. Some of the product might be selling fast and out of stock. Differences of consumer likes will cause the product to pile up and cannot be sold. Product that cannot be sold might go for a very cheap price and that might cause losses to the company. The disadvantage on internet marketing is when their product is promoted in the internet; they will have to compete with different type of brand and product development. Besides that, the disadvantages also include differences in consumer patterns such as needs and wants that is influence by their regional. Differences in legal concerns may also create conflict to the home market. Language barrier is a disadvantage on going global because different countries have their own languages and they might not understand English. There are also additional costs to set a website on the internet. Besides that, advertising and maintaining the website will also cost another sum of money. Another disadvantage on going global is the company will faces a lot of challenges and competitive environment. The company will face challenges from other brand that offer cheaper and quality product. Cultural problems are also a disadvantage for the globalization. This will endanger the age old cultures which have been followed religiously all over the world. There are many countries which would never agree when it comes to culture or religion. The influence of local cultures and tradition will slowly start to wear down when the migration become easy. Globalization will also increase the spread of diseases. Disease can be spread because of the increase in flow people. This will cause human to vulnerable to health issues. Conclusion is there are advantages and disadvantages of going global. Done by: Lai Kiat Xiang Observe the strategy formulation and processes to continuously improve to meet the customer needs, and quality at lower cost. Shoe is a type of footwear that protects and supports the foot. Running shoes or athletic shoes is different from the ordinary shoes. The rubber on athletic shoes helps to cushion the hard surfaces when running. The construction of athletic shoes is important in order to prevent injuries and giving a good balancing and support while running. Running shoes can be divided into two main sections which is upper covers the top of the foot and the sole. The two main sections can be divided into three which is insole, midsole and outsole. The process of the running shoe is starting at the front on the upper part is feather line. This is where the edge is form. The edge is form where the toe guard tip meets the bottom of the shoe. A single piece of material that gives shape to a shoe and forms the toe box is call a vamp. The vamp has an attachments some sort of a throat which it contains the eyestay and lacing section. Under the lacing section is the tongue. The tongue protects the foot from direct contact with the laces. Reinforcements are attached to the vamp along the sides of the shoe. There are two types of reinforcements. First, it is the saddle. The saddle is when it is sewn on the outside of the back of the reinforcements. The second type of the reinforcements is called an arch bandage where if it is sewn on the inside. Collar is a part where it is further towards the back of the shoe. Collar usually has an Achilles tendon protector at the top back of the shoe. The foxing shapes the rear end of the shoe and underneath there is a plastic cup which it is use to support the heel. The plastic cup which supports the heel is called the heel counter. Figure 1 Figure 1 above is showing how shoe is made. The first step as we can see from the diagram above is involving the die cutting. The shoe parts are cut in a cookie cutter fashion. The pieces that are cut will form the upper part of the shoe. The pieces will be stitched or cemented together and the upper part will be form. After the pieces were cemented, the upper will looks like a round hat rather than a shoe. This extra material is called the lasting margin. After that, lace holes will be punched out. After that, a last which is a plastic mould is use to fit the upper before the upper is cement with the insole board. The upper has to heat before fit on to a last. It is then both the upper and insole board is press together to get bond. Midsole and outsole is then cemented on to the upper. Before midsole and outsole is cemented to the upper, both of the outsole and midsole will have to be align and bond together. When the cement is cool, the shoe is removed from the last. The midsole is designed to absorb the shock and the wedge is designed to supports the heel. The insole which is arch support is located inside the shoe. Below is a sample of a completed running shoe. One of the strategies to improve to meet the customer needs and quality is by manufacturing some of its product in America. When the product is manufacture in America, trust of buyers will increase. The trust of buyers increase because America product is a trusted product compare to other countries. Example is whenever a product is being manufacture in China, consumer and buyers will think twice before purchasing the product. Besides that, New Balance has their own strategy formulation on their product which is their own technical innovations. The technical innovation is such as a blend of gels inserts, heel counters and a greater selection of sizes. Some people might have a larger foot and New Balance Company is producing a greater selection size of shoes. Quality control is one of the strategies by the New Balance Company. New Balance Company is producing a good quality of shoes because of the ingredients and materials in making their shoes. The ingredient is such as gel, air or plastic on making the midsoles. The inner side of the midsole is often made of firm material such as polyurethane (PU), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) or combination of them. This material is use in order to prevent overpronation of the foot. Polyurethane is used in the heel area and a very thin layer of ethylene vinyl acetate is used in the insole. Besides that, New Balance Company also uses investing in other countries as their strategy to get their customer needs. Once the company invest in that country, the customer will get the product easily and the goods dont have to be import from America. This will also cut the cost on the product. Borrowing technology from apparel manufacturers is also one of the company strategies to cut cost and still following the modern trend. Done by: Lai Kiat Xiang 3. Critically observe the shoe manufacturing processes and examines the key factors in the designs of products and services. In their manufacturing process line, its not only about manpower but also with the robotic machines. It is why New Balance also brings in the new technology from apparel manufacturers and spends $100,000 for every see-and- sews machines which able to produce a pair of shoes in 24minute compare with 3 hours use if in China and get high productivity with efficiency speed. Shoe manufacturing sequence Design for shoe sole n upper and provide material detail Create shoe sole mould to make exclusive sole and insole. Make a sample or prototype for testing. Have implemented on the product. Final products come out. Start production for shoe sole and insole. Cutting, sewing, lasting and finishing Quality control and delivery order. How to satisfy customizations on shoe manufacturing with systematically? A. Satisfaction fitting impact Materials: The Main reason should concern for good quality shoe is the shoe material. The relationship between suppliers and manufacturers must be good and both must be able to solve problems together and suppliers must fast react on the specific material orders. B1. Outlook customization The customization of shoes may include the upper material colours and outlook designs. If a manufacturing systems have a high capability to satisfy aesthetic customization that allow buyer choose their shoes colours, it must be a great set of coloured materials or the material can be dye the upper portion. B2. Shoe accessories Shoe accessories such as bows, decoration or any particular lace may add into the shoes to add to the standard station. C1. The materials are needed to satisfy transpiration or thermal request with much kind of different materials. C2. Due to various types of materials, technical could needs for particular stitching technique different by the standard way for the leather. It may needs a flexible stitching station which able to adapt to different typology. C3. If the insole production system have the capability to satisfy shock absorption of the production customization of the sole, it may needs more complex and right technique to realize a various set of shock absorption. State of the art technology is used to identify the right shape of human feet to custom orthotic foot bed. A typical scan of human leg will be tested and this let the manufacturer able to make the most comfortable orthotic insole. After inspected, cleaned, dressed and polished, heel socks, laces and the brand label will be added, then the QC (quality checked) will be approved and the shoes will be packed and ready to sell. After sales services also available from some shoes company. Method for doing an orthopaedic shoe lift Split the sole in half, add the material build up to your specified height, taper off correctly at the front, and then reattach the bottom of your sole. This method ensures an aesthetically pleasing look as well as being very comfortable and unnoticeable. Add a shoe lift and build up to the full length of the sole. This is the correct way to do it and all of shoe lifts are done this way unless specified otherwise. Why need a build up of the sole, but not just use an insole Insoles are bad for foot when used for this purpose and can cause problems in back. The correct and safe way is to have a build up. How high of a shoe lift can build? There is corrected leg length discrepancies for patients as high as 6 inches and are not limited to that. Any shoe can add shoe lift? Any shoe with a full length concrete sole will take to a shoe lift nicely, and shoe manufacturer work with running shoes, dress shoes, work and hiking boots, and golf shoes too. Charge for shoe lifts? Cost starts at $39.99 for a half inch and an additional $14.99 for every quarter inch thereafter. There are additional charges for harder to split soles like the ones in boots and golf shoes. Done by: Wong Yng Chung 4. Discuss and elaborate the necessity of quality planning and quality control processes in achieving high performance products and services for the company. Quality control for New Balance can be: Dimensions of sole and insole Dimensions of various shoe size Colour, pattern and designs Material of the shoe Elasticity/durability of the shoe Life time of the shoe Quality check from professional Remain the shoes quality for different production line Reliability of shoes box packaging for delivery. Solid, long term partnership with trustable suppliers. Ensuring in-store safety and quality New technology to improve the effectiveness and quality of production. Total Quality Control (TQC) or Total Quality Management (TQM) refers to quality control beyond the sustaining of quality. These two concepts may lead to continual increases in quality. Dr. Kaoru Ishikawa, recipient of many awards, including the Deming Prize, Total Quality Control as a system of inventing and implementing quality technologies into various departments of a company engineering, production, sales and service all this is purposely for satisfying customers. He stated that viewed chronologically, TQC is only the first stage of Companywide Quality Control (CWQC). CWQC incorporates quality function deployment (QFD), where as TQC does not. QFD is a design procedure that introduces quality control in product development. It is a formal mechanism that guarantees the comment of the customer is heard throughout all the phases of manufacturing a product or providing a service. As Dale Besterfield stated in his book Quality Control, the deliverance of a quality product or service requires the responsible integration of all the firms departments such as marketing, product engineering, purchasing, manufacturing engineering, manufacturing, and inspection and testing, packaging and shipping, and customer service. TQC is far more than sustaining quality, as it may include control systems, employee relations and organizational behaviour, statistical process control, and Japanese management techniques. Quality control techniques and standards, affecting almost all aspects of business, have now been adopted at national and international levels. The Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award exemplifies the former. President Ronald Reagan signed the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Improvement Act on 20th of August 1987. The act was the culmination of a national campaign to improve the quality of goods and services in the United States. The award represents the highest level of recognition that an American company can receive. On an international level, the ISO 9000 series of quality standards was first published in 1987. These standards reflect the importance of quality and reliability as critical factors for achieving and maintaining worldwide competitive advantage. Another example is the international environment management standard, ISO 14001. Companies worldwide use this standard as a blueprint to develop and refine internal environmental management systems. New Balance purchased 70units see-and- sew machines in 1 short and set up on machine shops to grind the 30 templates need for a typical shoe. Each set of templates took about 1 week, but they manage to make their workers to produce a pair of shoes in 24minute compare with 3 hours use if in China and get high productivity with efficient speed. High salary paid for their workers such as well-trained employees are able to make $14 an hour. All of these well-trained employees can be perform well and they are performing half a dozen different jobs and switching task every few minute. The efficiency of the manufacturing has been increase. Every person of them able to operate computerised sewing equipment and automated stitches that of 20 peoples work. New balance corporate also remain competitive at home by introduce new technologies to shoe making creatively. Constantly training is also provided for their employees either in teamwork or technical skills to improve their employees quality. Firstly, employees start with 22hours of classroom training on teamwork and get constant training on the factory floor. Then they will work in teams of five or six, sharing task and helping one another until make sure everything get done. In this teamwork function, many ideals about improvement of process will be come from shop floor workers. In their manufacturing process line, its not only about manpower but also with the robotic machines. They also bring in the new technology from apparel manufacturers and spend $100,000 for every see-and- sew machines. The most impressive part is they purchased 70units in 1 time and set up on machine shops to grind the 30 templates need for a typical shoe. Each set of templates took about 1 week, but they manage to make their workers to produce a pair of shoes in 24minute compare with 3 hours use if in China. Labour cost per shoe is $4 hour in Maine compare to $1.30 in China, it is a range of $2.70 for every shoe which is 4percent more from the selling price of $70. But good salary paid is worth-able when they get high productivity with efficient speed. Investment time on the manufacturing process helps New Balance develop better designs, improve quality, and innovate their process capabilities. By the way, if it outsourced all of its production then this would cause the company to suffer lost financially. Done by: Wong Yng Chung 5. Carefully observe how the reduced-quality product would affect the company financially. Discuss the financial analysis to justify the use of technology in the shoe manufacturing operation. For a company the quality of product is very important to convince customer to trust and buy their product, it totally affect companies financial once the product that produce rejected and returned. The cost of transport will be charge to company for the return part. Besides that, normally reject part will cause line down if the part very urgent to support to the end customer, means that the cost will to be charge to our company account due to our reject part. When the reject part was returned, company have to arrange manpower to rework for the part and extra costing will be count for the rework base on how many hours needed to complete the reject batch. If unfortunately the reject bath cannot rework it have to be scrap, means that extra issue cost will be needed for the raw material besides that production have to be rearrange to rebuild for the reject quantity. Once reject part was found internally, the machine have to be stop and realignment or resetting to make sure come out part will be in good quality. On the other hand, some time it will take one or half day to refitting or resetting regarding to the reject defect, This will cause no output for the day and fail the shipment for that day. Delay shipment also will cause penalty by quantity not enough for the customer. To come out a quality product for new balance, a modular manufacturing (teamwork) system were introduced. With this system it come out a better quality control and more efficient production, this system was improved with associates trained on more than one job in the factory, which meant a more varied days work and tighter quality control for the product. For the year 1991, production only can run around 2000 3000 pairs of shoes in a week and steadily increased to 4771 pairs of shoes per week by 1993 and continued increased to 7403 pairs of shoes by year 1996 and to 9787 pairs of shoes by 1998. The factory and finally broke the one million pair of shoes per year barrier in 2003. [11] To produce big amount quantity and quality of shoes in a day, we need help from the technology and impossible to produce big amount and precision part by human. For example by using the inversion type rubber shoe-mould finalizing machine, it was a professional shoe making equipment which integrates the vulcanization, stitching and finalizing all process can be done by it and was fully function of automatic program control can save a lot of labour cost. Besides that it was a control by hydraulic pressure system it can keep constant the temperature, deflate, draw pattern and also control time automatically. The adoption of the mechanical connecting bar structure was to ensure no split of mould and degumming phenomenon during the vulcanizing process. Because of the machine is inversion type, the shoes surface can be kept clean, high quality jackboot and other military shoes also can be produce by it. This is the advantage of the technology and help company to save lots of labour cost an d produce quality product and some of the process is impossible can be reach by human being.[12] Besides that in the shoes mould technology with a precision mould it can produce two pair of shoes in a short cycle time compare with a handmade, presently of new moulding technology which can reduce of the cycle time and increase in a number of cavities from two to four, this had been shown that the production efficiency has been improved with the help of the new improved shoes mould design for longer mould life and better quality parts, besides that by improved the cooling system of the mould gate and separate core inserts it used to improve ventilation, reduced thickness of the part without any compromise on quality. By this new technology it allow the significant cost saving intelligence, process innovation, increase productivity, the preventive maintenance qualit

Online Buyology Essay

Descriptions of China’s economy are often paired with the best of accolades: promising, miraculous and meteoric, to name a few. But observers rarely use the words â€Å"fair† and â€Å"transparent† to describe the country’s business environment. One need not look far to see why: rampant corruption, preferential policies for state-owned companies, and copious red tape all prevent private enterprises from thriving. Yet out of this unequal playing field, e-commerce giant Alibaba and web portal Sina have created two of the fairest and most transparent business platforms in China. Alibaba allows individuals and companies to sell goods on its Taobao platform, giving vendors a set of standards and leaving everything else to their discretion. Weibo is similarly a free-for-all of Chinese expression, with the notable exception of controversial political topics. Both Taobao and Weibo have exploded since their founding and have maintained commanding leads in their respective fields. Taobao sales were US$58. 7 billion (RMB370 billion) in 2010 while Tmall, a site aimed at more developed brands spun off of Taobao in 2008, currently has about 55,000 vendors. And in the two years since Sina Weibo’s founding, the Twitter-like service has racked up 250 million users. â€Å"If you ask people, ‘Why you want to shop online? ’ I think many people will say that it gives transparency of pricing†¦ people look for convenience, people like more information,† said Phil Wei, China CEO of Export Now, a startup that allows US-based companies to list products on Tmall. â€Å"One thing [Alibaba founder] Jack Ma did is offer freedom to all these consumers and all these business units. † The free market The freedom to compete is giving rise to third-party service providers that could become some of the most dynamic companies in the Chinese economy. As has been the case with US tech giants Twitter and Ebay, Taobao and Weibo have both spawned an eco-system of third-party companies that provide related services, making the platforms practically an economy unto themselves. The type of third-party service providers surrounding the two platforms reflects the different aims of Taobao and Weibo. â€Å"Taobao is doing usiness transaction[s] while Weibo is media spreading information,† said Deco You, a Beijing-based analyst at iResearch, an online market research company. This discrepancy results in very different growth rates, said You. â€Å"The number of Taobao-related companies will increase much faster than those Weibo-related ones. † In addition to opportunities to sell goods, Taobao and Tmall offer business opportunities for subcontractors that provide services to vendors , such as store design, customer service, logistics and marketing. As a media platform, Weibo naturally lends itself to marketing companies, which began to emerge about a year after Weibo’s founding. Yang Xin, founder of marketing firm Weichuanbo, said he knows of at least 10 start-up companies that also specialize in Weibo, not to mention traditional marketing firms which have entered the arena. Despite these differences, doing business centered on either Taobao or Weibo is remarkably similar. The short lead times and relatively limited barriers to entry have resulted in fierce competition among many similar companies. Many of these third-party companies are quick to copy each other’s successes, a common tactic in China where enforcement of intellectual property rights is not as strong as in the West. But instead of knock-offs, the competition seems to foster flexibility. Weichuanbo has upgraded its software platform three times in attempt to stay ahead of copycats, Yang said. The companies also compete for the best online â€Å"real estate† on Weibo and Taobao. Taobao and Tmall sell ad spaces to the right of search results, although search results themselves are organic and depend on sales and consumer ratings. Weibo marketing companies commonly pay influential users to promote their products. Weichuanbo compensates about 200,000 users for their help, and Yang hopes that number will someday grow to 2-3 million. The instant feedback of web analytics also means that companies know immediately if they are falling behind the competition. If a user doesn’t like an attempt at viral marketing on Weibo, they are likely to say so or ignore it altogether. Shoppers on Taobao are just as quick to pass judgment. â€Å"Online, if a client comes to your store, if they stay longer than five seconds your store is not bad,† said Wei of Export Now. That means the chances they become frequent visitors will be significantly higher. But if [they stay] less than five seconds, they probably will not come back again. † Taobao- and Weibo-related companies also compete for unbridled optimism. Weichuanbo aims to have more than 300% in annual revenue growth within the next two years. Export Now expects to have some 300 US manufacturers selling through its service and US$1. 59-3. 18 million (RMB10-20 million) in revenue by the end of the year, up from virtually nothing at the present. The market will keep growing and the trend will continue in the next five to 10 years, and the expansion brings about more opportunities for third-party companies,† said Dong Xu, an analyst at research firm Analysys International. Yet growth in the Weibo community may not be sustainable. The government-led research center China Internet Network Information Center issued a report last month stating that new signups for Weibo began to slow in the second half of 2011. Weibo users nearly quadrupled from the end of 2010 to 250 million. With only 500 million internet users in China, however, continuing at that pace will be impossible. Although user growth will slow, there is still much money to be made. Spending on internet marketing is projected to grow to US$12. 5 billion (RMB79. 1 billion) in 2012, up from an estimated US$8. 1 billion in 2011 and US$5. 2 billion in 2010, according to iResearch. Marketing revenue in China is likely to continue growing quickly, said You of iResearch. Advertisers have only recently begun to shift online, attracted by ad space that is often more targeted and cost-effective than traditional print and TV advertising. Marketing and analytics companies can strive to grab more of that revenue by improving on underdeveloped technology and becoming more efficient, said You. Foreign companies with better technology and efficient operations could also enter the market, though they will still be limited by cultural barriers. Taobao and Weibo could also begin providing additional marketing services themselves. Taobao launched an internet marketing division in April 2010 called the Taobao Alliance, which quickly grew to have US$238 million (RMB1. 5 billion) in revenue, according to iResearch. This potential for new entrants means the market for third-party services is likely to remain highly competitive. Many companies that fail to keep up with the pace of innovation will undoubtedly be pushed out of business or be acquired by more successful competitors. But those that do innovate and survive will probably be among the most dynamic companies in China’s internet sector, regardless of the platform. As Wang Weili of Taobao marketing firm Shenzhen Fangwei E-Commerce puts it: â€Å"There might be other websites driving our business in the future. But where there are clients is where we will be. †

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Jean-Baptiste Bernadottes Role in the Napoleonic Wars

Born at Pau, France on January 26, 1763, Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte was the son of Jean Henri and Jeanne Bernadotte. Raised locally, Bernadotte elected to pursue a military career rather than become a tailor like his father. Enlisting in the Rà ©giment de Royal-Marine on September 3, 1780, he initially saw service in Corsica and Collioure. Promoted to sergeant eight years later, Bernadotte attained the rank of sergeant major in February 1790. As the French Revolution gathered momentum, his career began to accelerate as well. A Rapid Rise to Power A skilled soldier, Bernadotte received a lieutenants commission in November 1791 and within three years was leading a brigade in General of Division Jean Baptiste Klà ©bers Army of the North. In this role he distinguished himself in General of Division Jean-Baptiste Jourdans victory at Fleurus in June 1794. Earning a promotion to general of division that October, Bernadotte continued to serve along the Rhine and saw action at Limburg in September 1796. The next year, he played a key role in covering the French retreat across the river after being defeated at the Battle of Theiningen. In 1797, Bernadotte left the Rhine front and led reinforcements to the aid of General Napoleon Bonaparte in Italy. Performing well, he received an appointment as ambassador to Vienna in February 1798. His tenure proved brief as he departed on April 15 following a riot associated with his hoisting of the French flag over the embassy. Though this affair initially proved damaging to his career, he restored his connections by marrying the influential Eugà ©nie Dà ©sirà ©e Clary on August 17. The former fiancà ©e of Napoleon, Clary was sister-in-law to Joseph Bonaparte. Marshal of France On July 3, 1799, Bernadotte was made Minister of War. Quickly showing administrative skill, he performed well until the end of his term in September. Two months later, he elected not to support Napoleon in the coup of 18 Brumaire. Though branded a radical Jacobin by some, Bernadotte elected to serve the new government and was made commander of the Army of the West in April 1800. With the creation of the French Empire in 1804, Napoleon appointed Bernadotte as one of the Marshals of France on May 19 and made governor of Hanover the following month. From this position, Bernadotte led I Corps during the 1805 Ulm Campaign which culminated with the capture of Marshal Karl Mack von Leiberichs army. Remaining with Napoleons army, Bernadotte and his corps were initially held in reserve during the Battle of Austerlitz on December 2. Entering the fray late in the battle, I Corps aided in completing the French victory. For his contributions, Napoleon created him Prince of Ponte Corvo on June 5, 1806. Bernadottes efforts for the remainder of the year proved rather uneven. A Star on the Wane Taking part in the campaign against Prussia that fall, Bernadotte failed to come to the support of either Napoleon or Marshal Louis-Nicolas Davout during the twin battles of Jena and Auerstà ¤dt on October 14. Severely reprimanded by Napoleon, he was nearly relieved of his command and was perhaps saved by his commanders former connection to Clary. Recovering from this failure, Bernadotte won a victory over a Prussian reserve force at Halle three days later. As Napoleon pushed into East Prussia in early 1807, Bernadottes corps missed the bloody Battle of Eylau in February. Resuming campaigning that spring, Bernadotte was wounded in the head on June 4 during fighting near Spanden. The injury forced him to turn command of I Corps over to General of Division Claude Perrin Victor and he missed the victory over the Russians at the Battle of Friedland ten days later. While recovering, Bernadotte was appointed governor of the Hanseatic towns. In this role he contemplated an expedition against Sweden but was forced to abandon the idea when sufficient transports could not be gathered. Joining Napoleons army in 1809 for the campaign against Austria, he took command of the Franco-Saxon IX Corps. Arriving to take part in the Battle of Wagram (July 5-6), Bernadottes corps performed poorly on the second day of fighting and withdrew without orders. While attempting to rally his men, Bernadotte was relieved of his command by an irate Napoleon. Returning to Paris, Bernadotte was entrusted with command of the Army of Antwerp and directed to defend the Netherlands against British forces during the Walcheren Campaign. He proved successful and the British withdrew later that fall. Crown Prince of Sweden Appointed governor of Rome in 1810, Bernadotte was prevented from assuming this post by an offer to become the heir of the King of Sweden. Believing the offer to be ridiculous, Napoleon neither supported nor opposed Bernadotte pursuing it. As King Charles XIII lacked children, the Swedish government began seeking an heir to the throne. Concerned about the military strength of Russia and wishing to remain on positive terms with Napoleon, they settled on Bernadotte who had shown battlefield prowess and great compassion to Swedish prisoners during earlier campaigns. On August 21, 1810, the Ãâ€"retro States General elected Bernadotte crown prince and named him head of the Swedish armed forces. Formally adopted by Charles XIII, he arrived in Stockholm on November 2 and assumed the name Charles John. Assuming control of the countrys foreign affairs, he began efforts to obtain Norway and worked to avoid being a puppet of Napoleon. Fully adopting his new homeland, the new crown prince led Sweden into the Sixth Coalition in 1813 and mobilized forces to battle his former commander. Joining with the Allies, he added resolve to the cause after twin defeats at Lutzen and Bautzen in May. As the Allies regrouped, he took command of the Northern Army and worked to defend Berlin. In this role he defeated Marshal Nicolas Oudinot at Grossbeeren on August 23 and Marshal Michel Ney at Dennewitz on September 6. In October, Charles John took part in the decisive Battle of Leipzig which saw Napoleon defeated and forced to retreat towards France. In the wake of the triumph, he began actively campaigning against Denmark with the goal of forcing it to cede Norway to Sweden. Winning victories, he achieved his objectives through the Treaty of Kiel (January 1814). Though formally ceded, Norway resisted Swedish rule requiring Charles John to direct a campaign there in the summer of 1814. King of Sweden With the death of Charles XIII on February 5, 1818, Charles John ascended to the throne as Charles XIV John, King of Sweden and Norway. Converting from Catholicism to Lutheranism, he proved a conservative ruler who became increasingly unpopular as time passed. Despite this, his dynasty remained in power and continued after his death on March 8, 1844. The current King of Sweden, Carl XVI Gustaf, is a direct descendent of Charles XIV John.